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Using Predefined Formats

The DateFormat class allows you to format dates and times with predefined styles in a locale-sensitive manner. The sections that follow demonstrate how to use the DateFormat class with a program called DateFormatDemo.java.

Dates

Formatting dates with the DateFormat class is a two-step process. First, you create a formatter with the getDateInstance method. Second, you invoke the format method, which returns a String containing the formatted date. The following example formats today's date by calling these two methods:

Date today;
String dateOut;
DateFormat dateFormatter;

dateFormatter = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT,
					   currentLocale);
today = new Date();
dateOut = dateFormatter.format(today);

System.out.println(dateOut + " " + currentLocale.toString());

The output generated by this code follows. Notice that the formats of the dates vary with Locale. Since DateFormat is locale-sensitive, it takes care of the formatting details for each Locale.

30 juin 2009	 fr_FR
30.06.2009	 de_DE
Jun 30, 2009     en_US

The preceding code example specified the DEFAULT formatting style. The DEFAULT style is just one of the predefined formatting styles that the DateFormat class provides, as follows:

DEFAULT
SHORT
MEDIUM
LONG
FULL

The following table shows how dates are formatted for each style with the U.S. and French locales:

Sample Date Formats
Style U.S. Locale French Locale

DEFAULT Jun 30, 2009 30 juin 2009

SHORT 6/30/09 30/06/09

MEDIUM Jun 30, 2009 30 juin 2009

LONG June 30, 2009 30 juin 2009

FULL Tuesday, June 30, 2009 mardi 30 juin 2009

Sample Date Formats
Style	U.S. Locale	French Locale
`DEFAULT`	Jun 30, 2009	30 juin 2009
`SHORT`	6/30/09	30/06/09
`MEDIUM`	Jun 30, 2009	30 juin 2009
`LONG`	June 30, 2009	30 juin 2009
`FULL`	Tuesday, June 30, 2009	mardi 30 juin 2009

Times

Date objects represent both dates and times. Formatting times with the DateFormat class is similar to formatting dates, except that you create the formatter with the getTimeInstance method, as follows:

DateFormat timeFormatter =
    DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT,
                               currentLocale);

The table that follows shows the various predefined format styles for the U.S. and German locales:

Sample Time Formats
Style U.S. Locale German Locale

DEFAULT 7:03:47 AM 7:03:47

SHORT 7:03 AM 07:03

MEDIUM 7:03:47 AM 07:03:07

LONG 7:03:47 AM PDT 07:03:45 PDT

FULL 7:03:47 AM PDT 7.03 Uhr PDT

Sample Time Formats
Style	U.S. Locale	German Locale
`DEFAULT`	7:03:47 AM	7:03:47
`SHORT`	7:03 AM	07:03
`MEDIUM`	7:03:47 AM	07:03:07
`LONG`	7:03:47 AM PDT	07:03:45 PDT
`FULL`	7:03:47 AM PDT	7.03 Uhr PDT

Both Dates and Times

To display a date and time in the same String, create the formatter with the getDateTimeInstance method. The first parameter is the date style, and the second is the time style. The third parameter is the Locale . Here's a quick example:

DateFormat formatter = 
    DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG,
                                   DateFormat.LONG,
                                   currentLocale);

The following table shows the date and time formatting styles for the U.S. and French locales:

Sample Date and Time Formats
Style U.S. Locale French Locale

DEFAULT Jun 30, 2009 7:03:47 AM 30 juin 2009 07:03:47

SHORT 6/30/09 7:03 AM 30/06/09 07:03

MEDIUM Jun 30, 2009 7:03:47 AM 30 juin 2009 07:03:47

LONG June 30, 2009 7:03:47 AM PDT 30 juin 2009 07:03:47 PDT

FULL Tuesday, June 30, 2009 7:03:47 AM PDT mardi 30 juin 2009 07 h 03 PDT

Sample Date and Time Formats
Style	U.S. Locale	French Locale
`DEFAULT`	Jun 30, 2009 7:03:47 AM	30 juin 2009 07:03:47
`SHORT`	6/30/09 7:03 AM	30/06/09 07:03
`MEDIUM`	Jun 30, 2009 7:03:47 AM	30 juin 2009 07:03:47
`LONG`	June 30, 2009 7:03:47 AM PDT	30 juin 2009 07:03:47 PDT
`FULL`	Tuesday, June 30, 2009 7:03:47 AM PDT	mardi 30 juin 2009 07 h 03 PDT

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